Kkangpae is a Korean term for gangsters or thugs, often referring to unorganized street gangs, while organized crime groups are called geondal or jopok. The Korean mafia may have originated in the late Joseon dynasty, with modern history divided into colonial, political mob, civil war, and present eras. Notable figures include Kim Du-han, who unified Korean mobs and fought the yakuza during Japanese colonial rule.
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